The contribution of Islamic civilization in the world of medicine really is priceless. In the golden era of Islamic civilization has spawned a line of prominent physicians who have laid the foundations of modern medicine. The Islamic world is also listed as the first civilization to have a hospital that is managed professionally.
Islamic medicine in the era of the Caliphate has been a series of heritage bequeathed to modern civilization. One of the most important legacy of Islamic medicine is a medical therapy. Muslim doctors through the book or treatise that he wrote has introduced a variety of therapies to treat various diseases.
Muslim doctors in the era of the triumph of the Prophet Muhammad tried to prove the hadith which states that'' there must be a cure all diseases.'' Through the development of various therapies, Muslim doctors managed to find a method of healing based on the cause of disease.
Various types of therapy that developed Islamic medicine. It is a therapy developed nine Muslim doctors in the golden era of Islam: aromatherapy, cancer therapy, chemotherapy, kromoterapi, hirudoterapi, psychotherapy, Pitoterapi, urology, lithotomy.
Aromatherapy is one type of alternative medicine that uses volatile liquid plant, known as essential oils and other aromatic compounds from plants, which aims to influence a person's mood or health.
Stanley Finger dalam karyanya bertajuk Origins of Neuroscience: A History of Explorations Into Brain Function, mengungkapkan, penyulingan uap air pertama kali ditemukan dokter Muslim bernama Ibnu Sina (980 M – 1037 M). Ibnu Sina menggunakan penyulingan uap air itu untuk membuat minyak esensial yang digunakan untuk mengobati pasiennya. Metode pengobatan ini disebut aromaterapi.
'' Ibn Sina was dubbed as the first to introduce aromatherapy,'' said Finger.
- Cancer Therapy
Patricia Skinner in his book -tibbi Unani, Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine , said the first doctor to successfully perform cancer therapy is the Ibn Sina aka Avicenna. In the Canon of Medicine , Ibn Sina said, one of the surgical method of cutting or cleaning with blood vessels.
Prof. Nil Sari from the University of Istanbul, Cerrahpasha Medical School in his book "Hindiba: A Drug for Cancer Treatment'', said, in the 12th century AD, Muslim scientist named Ibn al-Baitar find a cure for cancer or a tumor herb named" Hindiba " . Islamic civilization heritage cancer drug was patented by Prof. Nil juice in 1997.
- Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is a method of treating disease by using chemical substances. In modern usage, this term refers almost exclusively to cytostatic drugs used to treat cancer. In a paper titled The Valuable Contribution of al-Razi (Rhazes) to the History of Pharmacy , noted that the chemotherapy was first introduced a legendary Muslim doctor named al-Razi aka Rhazes (865 AD-925 AD) in the 10th century AD
Al-Razi is a physician who first introduced the use of chemicals and drugs in the treatment. Chemicals include sulfur, copper, mercury and arsenic salts, sal ammoniac, gold scoria, lime, clay, coral, pearl, tar, bitumen and alcohol.
- Kromoterapi
Kromoterapi is a method of treating disease with the use of colors. This therapy is a supportive therapy that can support the primary therapy. According kromoterapi practitioner, the cause of some diseases can be determined from the reduction of certain colors of the human system.
This therapy was also developed Ibn Sina. Avicenna was able to use color as one of the most important in the diagnosis and treatment. In The Canon of Medicine, Ibn Sina said that "Color is the visible symptoms in the disease".
He has also successfully developed a color chart with the relationship between body temperature and physical condition of the body. In fact, Avicenna further discuss the richness of color to heal and the first to prove that the wrong color suggested for therapy can lead to no response in specific diseases.
- Hirudoterapi
Hirudoterapi is a healing treatment of disease by using leeches / leeches as a cure for the purposes of treatment, which was introduced Avicenna in his work The Canon of Medicine. Ibn Sina also introduced the use of leeches as a treatment for skin diseases. Leech therapy became one of the preferred method in medieval European society.
In an era of more advanced, treatment with lntah introduced by Abd-el-Latif in the 12th century AD, who wrote that leeches can be used to remove tissue disease after surgery. He did, though he understood the risks of using leeches. He gives advice to patients that leech need to be cleaned before use and dirt and dust "are attached to the leech should be removed" before use.
"He further wrote that after a leech sucking the blood out, the salt should be" dropped into the human body section, "explained Nurdeen Deuraseh, in his work entitled "Ahadith of the Prophet on Healing in Three Things (al-Shifa 'fi Thalatha): An Interpretational", Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine.
- Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy methods of healing that focuses to stabilize or improve locomotor function disorders or impaired body function which is then followed by the process / method of movement therapy.
Muslim physicians developed a method starts with diet therapy. If those efforts do not work on the patient, the doctor will prescribe medication and treatment. However, if it still does not work, doctors will perform surgery. Physiotherapy is determined by the Muslim doctors always study covers physical exercise and bathing.
Arab Muslim physicians developed a detailed system of diet, which consists of awareness of food deficiency, and appropriate nutrition is an important item in care. Ezzat Abouleish, in his Contributions of Islam to Medicine , explained that the drugs were divided into two groups, namely a single drug / drug simple and multiple / mix.
"They know the interaction between the drugs, they first use a single drug, if it fails, then a mixture of drugs used are made from a mixture of two or more, and if conservative methods fail, then surgery is taken as a last resort," he explained.
- Psychotherapy
A series of methods based on psychological sciences used to treat psychiatric or mental disorders. Muslim doctors who apply psychotherapy is Al-Razi and Ibn Sina.Psychotherapy is a branch of psychology therapy of Islam. Islamic psychology refers to the science of the nafs or psychosis in the Islamic world, especially during the golden era of Islam (Ages 8 M - 15 M) to the modern age (20th century AD-21 AD), and related to psychology, psychiatry and Neurosciences.
- Phytotherapy
Therapy that uses plants and plant extracts for medical purposes. In Fitoterapi, Avicenna introduced the Taxus baccata L. medication use in karayanya The Canon of Medicine. He called this herb as "Zarnab" used to treat heart disease.
"It was first known use of calcium channel drugs barrier, which has not been used in the western world until 1960,'' said Yalcin Tekol in his work" The Medieval Physician Used Avicenna's Herbal Calcium channel blocker, Taxus baccata L.
- Urologists
Muslim physicians of the Islamic world made much progress in the field of urology. "Muhammad ibn Zakariya Razi introduced the methods of treatment of urinary tract,'' said Rafik Berjak clear and Muzaffar Iqbal, in his work Ibn Sina - Al-Biruni correspondence ", Islam & Science .
When other doctors dealing with medication management and treatment of kidney stones, inflammation, infection, and sexual disorders.They are approaching a beginner advancement surgery for treatment of urinary stones such as penile and scrotal problems, using techniques that are used by the physicist / modern doctors. "They are also the first to produce the drug testers for the treatment of various penyakitsaluran urine," explained Al Dayel in his work "Urology in Islamic medicine" .
- Litotomi
Abdul Nasser Kaadan PhD, in his "Albucasis and Extraction of Bladder Stone" explains the lithotomi, Abu al-Qasim Khalaf ibn al-Abbas Al-Zahrawi, otherwise known as Abulcasis west (936 M-1013M), was among the first to successfully perform revocation of the urinary tract and kidney stones from the urinary tract using the instrument / equipment
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